VALVE / PUMP P A C K I N G
I N S T A L L A T I O N
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1st step - Preparation and Inspection of the
Pump Packing Chamber
Remove the old packing from the chamber
with the help of an extractor, leaving no remnants. In the course of this
operation make sure that the shaft (shank) is not damaged. Thoroughly
clean the chamber and the shaft.
Inspect the shaft (shank,
piston rod) for damage or wear. Measure the wobbling of the shaft. If it
exceeds the value of 0.001*d ( of the shank, or shaft) we recommend repairing or
replacing it.
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A. shank
B. lid
C. packing
D.chamber
d. shank
D. chamber
s.width of right
v. min. height of line
v = 0.5 * s
Ha. packing
height
H. height of space
 max. total wobble =
0,001 * d
Recommended formulas for the calculation of tolerances:
M1 =
0,02 * s, ....... max. 0.30 mm
M2 = 0,02 * s, ....... max. 0.30
mm
M3 = 0,01 * s, ... min. 0.10 ... ... max. 0.30 mm
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| If the packing space does not correspond to the required
tolerances shown in the drawing, it is necessary to define the tolerances
for example by using fill-in metal rings or in other ways based on the
user's capabilities. |
2nd step - Preparation of packing ring and its
insertion into the packing chamber
Devote maximum attention to
this step. The largest proportion of leakages is due to incorrect
installation!
Choose the right kind of packing for the given working
conditions. You will find a basic overview of the use of packing strings
in our catalogue or on the Internet, at www.aspseal.com. In the case of
special applications and limiting values, please contact the American Seal & Packing.
technical support department (tel.: 714-593-9780; fax 714-593-9701)
The packing must be used in the form of individual "rings" -
it must never be wound up!
It is necessary to choose the right
dimension of woven packing or ring, otherwise a failure may occur. For
more details, see below:
Several ways exist of correctly trimming
the packing string. Each one has its advantages as well as disadvantages.
Therefore choose the way that you find the most suitable for your needs.
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| A) Use the Die Formed packing rings (if
appropriate, in combination with packing rings made of expanded graphite)
whenever these are available. The installation is then very easy and fast.
Furthermore, this method minimizes the risk that the packing thus prepared
will fail. Not all types of packing rings are suitable for pre-pressing.
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| B) Cutting of packing rings on a pin (of the
same diameter as the shaft) is very easy and often used. Make sure that
the incision is made so as to maintain the medium length of the packing
L. See point C. While the execution of a 45° incision is more
demanding, the insertion of a ring thus prepared in the packing chamber is
easier. For certain high-speed applications we recommend a vertical
incision. |
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The optimal medium length of the packing should be a little
longer than the length that we attained by this type of incision, because
some packing strings contract to some extent after a certain period of
operation. (Particularly graphite and PTFE fibers shrink slightly after
operating temperatures are reached). See also point C, coefficient
k. |
C) The cutting of packing rings on the
template requires a precise calculation of the medium length of the
packing and skill in inserting packing rings into the chamber. See the
following formula and illustration:
Formula for the calculation of the
medium packing length: |
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D ... ![]()
chamber
d ... ![]() shank
k ... coefficient |
shank d
(mm) |
k
coefficient |
| Up to 60 |
1.1 |
| 61 - 100 |
1.07 |
| more than 100 |
1.04 | |
| Please keep in mind that the circumference of the outer
circle is bigger than the circumference of the inner one, so that in
performing the incision an angle of about 20° is required to prevent the
formation of a gap on the outer side of the circle. The length must be
chosen in such a way that the ring should fit tightly around the shank and
that the diagonal ends of the packing should be in close contact. An
incorrect length causes a lack of tightness in the packing. It is
recommended to check the length by wrapping the packing around the shank
or by using a preparatory packing of the same diameter. N.B.: Coefficient
k takes into account the contraction (shrinkage) of the packing fibers
after a certain period of operation. |
| D) We recommend: Cutting the packing rings on a
cutter (see our catalogue of asbestos-free packing)
is a very simple process, used frequently. No calculations are required.
In turning the ring (in the illustration the view is spatially turned by
90° with respect to the previous one) we can neglect the fact that the
circumference of the outer circle is greater than the circumference of the
inner one, which is acceptable in view of the 45° lock. (Otherwise a
further incision would need to be made as per point C and the length of
the preparatory packing would need to be approx. 1/3*S longer. For
practical reasons a second incision is usually not performed.) |
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| Warning: Carefully compact each ring into the packing
chamber before adding further rings and make sure that the connections of
the following circles are alternately arranged at 180° intervals (if only
2 rings are installed), at 120° intervals (for 3 rings) and at 90°
intervals (if the set comprises 4 or more rings). For pressures in excess
of 100 bar it is recommended that pre-pressed rings be used, made out of a
woven packing material. |
3rd step - Tightening of packing chamber and
initial run
Tightening and initial run of the valve: After
installing all rings, insert the packing lid and manually tighten the
tightening bolts. Then, using a torque wrench, successively tighten each
bolt in turn in four stages, 25, 50, 75 a 100% of the tightening torque.
After each stage of tightening, open and close the valve by turning the
shank. The tightening torque must be chosen such that the packing should
be tight and the valve should be operable.
The tightening bolts must be
in flawless condition (undamaged, clean and un-corroded) and lubricated
with a suitable lubricant whose heat stability is higher than the
operating temperature. Once the bolts have been tightened, we recommend
opening and closing the valve several times, checking the tightening
torque and in case of need, further tighten the bolts. It is also
appropriate after 24 hours of operation, to tighten the bolts even in the
case that no leakages of the medium area detected-this is to compensate
the compression of the packing. To ensure permanent tightening tension it
is advisable to use disk-shaped spring washers providing permanently
optimal tightening tension. In this case it is not necessary to further
tighten the packing in the course of operation. |
| Recommended tightening pressures of the
packing inside the chamber: |
| a) liquid -
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up to 580 PSI 2x working pressure (min. 5
N/mm2)
above 580 PSI 1,5x working pressure (min 5
N/mm2) |
| b) gases - |
up to 580 PSI 5x working pressure (min. 10
N/mm2)
580 PSI - 2900 PSI 2,5 - 5x working pressure
above
2900 PSI 1,5x working pressure |
| Tightening and initial run of pump: After the
installation of all rings into the pump packing, please tighten the nuts
on the bolts of the packing lid manually or only with the application of
only a very slight force on the bolts. Start up the pump and then continue
to tighten the nuts evenly on the packing lid until the permeability is
reduced to an acceptable level. Never try to stop the permeability
completely, otherwise excess heat will result, which will reduce the
service life of the packing and increase the wear on the shaft. As you
watch the packing in operation, always tighten all of the nuts to the same
degree and wait 10 - 15 minutes for the packing to settle down prior to
performing the next adjustment. |
| Recommended pressure of the packing: 1.5
- 2x the working pressure of the medium |
| N.B.: The practical values of the tightening
pressures depend on other factors as well (construction, condition of the
space being sealed, temperature, viscosity, etc.); for this reason the
results of the packing may differ even under what may appear to be
identical conditions. |
| If you have any questions please contact
American Seal & Packing at sales@americansealandpacking.com
or 714-593-9780 |
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